According to the force nature, the spring can be divided into tension spring, compression spring, torsion spring and bending spring; according to the shape, it can be divided into dish spring, ring spring, plate spring, coil spring, truncated cone scroll spring and torsion bar spring; according to the manufacturing process, it can be divided into cold coil spring and hot coil spring. The common cylindrical spring is widely used because of its simple manufacture and various types according to the loading conditions. Generally speaking, the manufacturing materials of springs should have high elastic limit, fatigue limit, impact toughness and good heat treatment performance.
Commonly used are carbon spring steel, alloy spring steel, stainless spring steel, copper alloy, nickel alloy and rubber. The manufacturing methods of springs include cold coil method and hot coil method. The spring wire diameter less than 8 mm is generally cold rolled, and the spring wire diameter greater than 8 mm is hot rolled. Some springs need to be subjected to strong pressure or shot peening after they are made, which can improve the bearing capacity of the springs.
Springs can be divided into the following six categories: torsion springs are springs that bear torsion deformation, and their working parts are also tightly wound into spiral shapes. The end structure of the torsion spring is a torsion arm processed into various shapes, rather than a hook ring. The torsion spring uses the lever principle to twist or rotate the elastic material with soft material and high toughness, so that it has great mechanical energy. The tension spring is a coil spring that bears axial tension. When not bearing load, the coil of the tension spring is generally tight and there is no gap between the coils. The compression spring is a coil spring bearing axial pressure. The material section used is mostly circular, and it is also made of rectangular and multi strand steel coils. The Shanghai Spring is generally of equal pitch. The shape of the compression spring is cylindrical, conical, convex and concave, and a small number of non-circular. There is a certain gap between the coils of the compression spring. When subjected to external load, the spring shrinks and deforms and stores deformation energy.
