Although the spring industry is a very insignificant small industry in the machinery manufacturing industry, the role of the spring is not low. With the deepening of the opening-up level from time to time, the imported machinery manufacturing industry, automobile, petrochemical, electric power and other industrial equipment have been widely used in China. Accordingly, we also understand that some new components with superior performance, multi-layer wave spring is a relatively new elastic element. An ordinary single-layer wave spring is an elastic element with several peaks and valleys on a metal ring. The multi-layer wave spring seems to be composed of several ordinary single-layer wave springs. The difference is that it is not simply superimposed, but is processed by a special continuous winding process. Next, we will explain the wave spring.
Classification of wave spring
1. Wave springs are generally divided into:
(1) Single layer wave spring: single layer lock type wave spring with 'o' shape, single layer open tooth type wave spring with 'C' shape;
(2) Multilayer peak to peak (Series) wave spring;
(3) Multi layer peak stacking type is also called nested type (parallel type);
Working principle of wave spring
(1) Single layer wave spring: it is applicable to the working conditions of short displacement and medium and low elastic force, with good reliability and high working principle: wave spring has the accuracy of double working principle of cylindrical spring and disc spring.
(2) Multi layer wave spring peak type (series type): the spring force value is inversely compared with the number of turns. It is mainly used for large displacement and medium and low spring force requests. It is a substitute for cylindrical springs. Nested type (parallel type): the force value of the spring is directly proportional to the number of turns. It can adhere to the accurate characteristics of the wave spring while having a great spring force. In many places, the nested (parallel) wave spring can be used instead of the disc spring.
Effect of material and temperature on fatigue failure
(1) As for the same kind of materials, the materials with fine grain structure have higher yield strength and fatigue elasticity than those with coarse grain structure; The fatigue life of those treated with surface strengthening is much higher than that of those without surface strengthening; The smaller the surface roughness of the material, the smaller the stress concentration and the higher the fatigue strength; The fatigue life of materials with metallurgical defects will also be greatly reduced, making the spring fatigue failure early.
(2) The corrugated spring consumed with ordinary spring steel has good elasticity, strong conductivity and abrasion resistance, and the fatigue failure of the spring is within the normal range under normal temperature (temperature 200). However, with the increase of temperature, the spring elasticity will gradually decrease and the failure phenomenon will obviously increase.
(3) The corrugated spring made of stainless steel has high fatigue life and good bearing relaxation. Meanwhile, stainless steel has high corrosion resistance and non-magnetic properties. Ordinary stainless steel will fail when the temperature is higher than 400. Special stainless steel has extremely high corrosion resistance and non-magnetic characteristics. When the working temperature of special stainless steel reaches 650, it also has high bearing relaxation and fatigue. It is an irreplaceable material in special workplaces.
Prevention of fatigue failure of wave spring
The following is the load and stress calculation formula of the wave spring. We can design the wave spring stress under the low stress state through the formula, and the fatigue failure of the wave spring is not obvious.
(1) Single layer wave spring calculation formula: F = pkdm / ebt3n4 * ID / OD s = 3iipdm / 4bt2n2;
(2) Calculation formula of multi-layer series or peak to peak wave spring; f=PKDm3Z/Ebt3N4*ID/OD ; S=3IIPDm/4bt2N2 ;
(3) The calculation formula of multi-layer stacked peak type is also called nested type or parallel type wave spring; F=PKDm3/Ebt3N4Z*IDOD ; S=3IIPDm/4bt2N2Z ;
(4) Where: F = displacement; P = load; K = multi cycle coefficient; DM = average diameter; Z = number of turns; E = modulus of elasticity; B = material width; T = material thickness; N = wave number; Id = inner circle diameter; Od = diameter of outer circle; S = bending stress.
